SCHIPER, IGNACY

SCHIPER, IGNACY
SCHIPER, IGNACY (Yiẓḥak; 1884–1943), historian and public worker. Schiper was born in Tarnow, Galicia. From his youth he was a member of the Po'alei Zion movement, and from 1922 of the General Zionists (Al ha-Mishmar), holding various public positions in the parties and acting as their emissary. During 1922–27 he was a deputy in the Polish Sejm. After the establishment of the Institute of Jewish Sciences in Warsaw in 1928, he lectured on the history of Jewish economy. Schiper died in a German concentration camp near Lublin. Although his academic education was essentially a legal one, Schiper took an interest in historical research throughout his life. Within the group of Jewish historians which emerged in Galicia in the early 20th century (balaban , schorr ), Schiper distinguished himself in the history of economics and of popular culture (in Yiddish). Whether this was due to his social outlook or to his limited Hebrew education, he thought that the study of the spiritual history of the nation and its leaders had been exhausted; "the Sabbath-Jew with his extra soul" was already well known, and there arose a need, he felt, to become acquainted with the secular aspect of the nation's life. Schiper's first work, in the sphere of Jewish economics, was his original research on the beginnings of capitalism among the Jews of the Western world (Anfaenge des Kapitalismus bei den abendlaendischen Juden im frueheren Mittelalter, 1907), which was also translated into Russian and Yiddish. Schiper then turned his attention to research into Jewish economy in Poland, at first during the Middle Ages and then during the modern era also. His principal works in this sphere are Studya nad stosunkami gospodarczymi Żydów w Polsce podczas średniowiecza (1911, Yid. tr. 1926), and Dzieje handlu żydowskiego na ziemiach polskich (1937). Of his studies on the history of culture, two of his works are of note: Kultur-Geshikhte fun di Yidn in Poyln beysn Mitlalter (1926), which deals with the way of life of the Jews, and Geshikhte fun der Yidisher Teater-Kunst un Drame: fun di Eltste Tsaytn bis 1750 (3 vols., 1927–28), which deals with theatrical art and drama. Schiper also occupied himself with other historical questions, such as Jewish autonomy in Poland, but he dealt mainly with Jewry's relationship to the external world, using primarily non-Jewish sources. A historian of great intuition and imagination, he promoted and enriched historical research on Polish Jewry, though he did not always trouble to establish his ideas on a firm historical footing. -BIBLIOGRAPHY: J. Hirschhaut, Fun Noenter Over, 1 (1955), 185–263 (incl. bibl.); R. Mahler, in YIVO Bleter, 25 (1945/46), 19–32; J. Shatzky, ibid., 39 (1954/55), 352–4; Y. Gruenbaum, Penei ha-Dor, 1 (1958), 379–85; S. Eidelberg (ed.), Yiẓḥak Shipper; Ketavim Nivḥarim ve-Divrei Ha'arakhah (1967). (Israel Halpern)

Encyclopedia Judaica. 1971.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Шипер, Игнаций — Игнаций Шипер Ignacy Schiper Дата рождения …   Википедия

  • POLAND — POLAND, republic in E. Central Europe; the kingdom of Poland and the grand duchy of Lithuania united formally (Poland Lithuania) in 1569. This article is arranged according to the following outline: the early settlements jewish legal status… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • AMELANDER (also Amlander), MENAHEM MANN BEN SOLOMON HA-LEVI — (1698–1767?), Hebrew grammarian, publisher, translator, and historian. He was born in Amsterdam, went to a yeshivah in Prague, and was a student of moses frankfurter , a dayyan and publisher in Amsterdam, whose Mikra ot Gedolot edition of the… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • BRESCH, JUDAH LOEB BEN MOSES NAPHTALI — (Leyb Brześć; 15th–16th century), Polish born translator of a Yiddish Pentateuch (Ḥamishah ḥumshei torah im keẓat perush Rashi), published in Cremona in 1560 and based on the Augsburg and Constance translations of 1544, but radically transforming …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • HEDEGÅRD, OSKAR DAVID LEONARD° — (1891–1971), Swedish theologian. Hedegård edited and translated Seder R. Amram Ga on for his doctoral dissertation (1951). He held various educational posts in the Swedish church and wrote a series of popular publications and handbooks on sacred… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • MOMENT, DER — MOMENT, DER, Yiddish daily newspaper in Poland. The paper was founded in Warsaw in November 1910 by Ẓevi Hirsch Prylucki . Working with him were his son, noah prylucki , and hillel zeitlin . Der Moment became one of the most influential of the… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • RINGELBLUM, EMANUEL — (Menahem; 1900–1944), historian of the Warsaw ghetto. Born in Buczacz, eastern Galicia, Ringelblum graduated from Warsaw University and subsequently taught history at a high school. He published a number of articles, mainly on the history of… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • SOCIETIES, LEARNED — Learned societies among Jews, whose prototypes existed in the talmudic period, flourished in the late Middle Ages and were particularly widespread in Eastern Europe even into the 20th century. They were conceived on a broad basis. Unlike… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”